什么是被忽略实体(disregarded entity)?
Key Takeaways
- 被忽略实体(disregarded entity)是指IRS视为与其单一所有者不可分离的LLC
- 单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)自动被归类为被忽略实体(disregarded entity)——无需提交选择申请
- LLC不提交自己的所得税申报表;收入流向所有者
- 外国拥有的被忽略实体(disregarded entity)仍须提交Form 5472 + 简化版1120
什么是被忽略实体(disregarded entity)?
被忽略实体(disregarded entity)是指在联邦税方面,IRS不承认其独立于所有者之外的一种商业实体。最常见的例子是单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)——即只有一位所有者的LLC。从IRS的角度来看,该LLC作为独立纳税人“并不存在”;相反,所有收入和费用都直接流向这位单一所有者。
单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)如何纳税
当你在美国成立单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)时,IRS会自动默认将其归类为被忽略实体(disregarded entity)。你无需为这一归类提交任何特别的选择申请——它是自动发生的。
这意味着LLC本身不提交单独的所得税申报表。相反,所有者在自己的个人纳税申报表上申报LLC的收入(对于外国所有者,则通过适用的国际申报机制申报)。
Form 5472的例外情况
虽然被忽略实体(disregarded entity)的归类意味着你的LLC无需提交自己的所得税申报表,但对外国拥有的LLC有一个重要例外。IRS要求外国拥有的被忽略实体提交Form 5472,并附上一份简化(pro forma)的Form 1120,用于申报LLC与其外国所有者之间的交易。仅就此目的而言,被忽略实体会被当作公司(corporation)来对待。
Frequently Asked Questions
我需要为我的单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)提交Form 8832,才能使其成为被忽略实体(disregarded entity)吗?
不需要。单一成员LLC(single-member LLC)默认自动被视为被忽略实体。只有在你想改变这一默认归类时(例如,选择按公司身份纳税),才需要提交Form 8832。
如果我的LLC被视为被忽略实体(disregarded entity),为什么我仍有IRS申报要求?
虽然该LLC在所得税上被视为被忽略实体(disregarded entity),但IRS依据IRC第6038A条对外国拥有的实体设有单独的申报要求。Form 5472是信息申报表(information return),而不是所得税申报表。
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